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Mariya Ivanivna Dolina (, (ロシア語:Мария Ивановна Долина) ''Mariya Ivanovna Dolina''; December 18, 1922 – March 3, 2010) was a Soviet pilot, deputy and acting squadron commander of the 125th “Marina M. Raskova” ''Borisov'' Guards Bomber Regiment.〔Cottam 1998, p. 128.〕 She was active primarily on the 1st Baltic Front during World War II. On August 18, 1945 Dolina was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union. ==Biography== Born in the village of Sharovka, Poltava District, Omsk Region of Siberia,〔Cottam 1998, p. 128.〕 Dolina was the eldest daughter of Ukrainian peasants.〔(A Dance with Death: Soviet Airwomen in World War II ) by Anne Noggle, Texas A&M University Press, 2001, ISBN 1585441775〕〔 (Maria Ivanovna Dolina ), peoples.ru〕 In 1934, after Mariya's father lost his leg in the Russian Civil War, the family moved back to Ukraine again.〔 Because of her father's condition, Dolina had to provide for the whole family, consequently she left school and went to work in a factory.〔 Despite her mother's opposition,〔 Mariya trained at a flying club〔 of the paramilitary Osoaviakhim and, in 1940, graduated from the Kherson Flying School.,〔Cottam 1998, p. 128.〕〔 after which she entered the Engels Military Flying School. Before the German invasion of 22 June 1941, she worked as an instructor in flying clubs in Dnipropetrovsk and Mykolaiv.〔Cottam 1998, p. 128.〕 In July 1941, she started her military service. She initially flew the Polikarpov Po-2, liaising with infantry units. 〔Cottam 1998, p. 128.〕 Later she became a crew member of a Petlyakov Pe-2 twin-engine, medium-range bomber, in the 587° Dive Bomber Regiment. Dolina, who described herself as being “impulsive and excessively restless”, nevertheless became one of the best pilots of her unit, later re-designated – for its distinguished combat performance - 125th “M.M. Raskova” ''Borisov'' Guards Dive Bomber Regiment.〔Cottam 1998, pp. 128-129-130.〕 On June 2, 1943, Dolina's aircraft was hit by enemy anti-aircraft artillery over Kuban prior to reaching her target, disabling an engine and causing a fire. Dolina's fighter escort had disappeared while pursuing enemy fighters, yet she continued flying and made the scheduled bomb-drop. On the way back, with no fighter escort, her flight was attacked by six German fighters (2 FW 190 and 4 Bf 109). Dolina's crew claimed one FW 190 and one Bf 109. Altogether, Mariya flew seventy-two missions bombing enemy ammunition depots, strongpoints, tanks, artillery batteries, rail and water transports, and supporting Soviet ground troops.〔Cottam 1998, p. 129.〕 After the war, Dolina continued to serve in the Soviet Air Force as deputy commander of a bombing aviation regiment. She lived in the city of Šiauliai (now Lithuania) and then in Riga (now Latvia) where she worked in the Latvian Communist Party Central Committee until 1975.〔 She was married twice, both times to former Soviet Air Forces mechanics. After her first husband died in 1977, she married another from her former regiment.〔 Many pioneer secondary schools were named after her.〔 Dolina lived in Kiev (hence in Ukraine again) from 1983 until her death.〔〔(GUARDS MAJOR MARIYA DOLINA ) by Henry Sakaida, soviet-awards.com (2002)〕 On the 50th Anniversary of the end of World War II Dolina was promoted to the rank of major by Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma and awarded with the title of "Honored Citizen of Kiev" by mayor of Kiev Leonid Kosakivskyi,〔(Leonid G. Kosakivskyi — the former mayor of Kyiv, who was on July 10,1994 for the first time in the history of the city elected as the result of the free democratic elections with the direct voting of all citizens of Kyiv; the People's Deputy of Ukraine (MP) of III convocation )〕 and a Kievian school was named after her. Dolina took part in the 2009 celebrations of Victory Day in Kiev.〔(Volodymyr Lytvyn, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine emphasizes the Necessity of the Preserving of the Historical Truth during the Evaluation of the Great Patriotic War ), Verkhovna Rada Official Website (May 8, 2009)〕 On March 3, 2010, Dolina died in Kiev at the age of 87.〔 (3 березня 2010 року на 88-му році пішла з життя Герой Радянського Союзу легендарна льотчиця — ДОЛІНА Марія Іванівна )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mariya Dolina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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